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�� շ��¹(�͹��) ��⺿��(�͹�˹��)��з��ԧ(��ѹ�͡��§�˹��)

�� ط� ��ط�ừԿԡ(��ҹ��ѹ��) ��ط��͵�Ź�ԡ(��ҹ��ѹ�͡) ��ط��졵ԡ(��ҹ�˹��)

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�� 㹷��¹��繷��駢ͧ��ȵ�ҧ � �ӹǹ�ҡ �� Ȩ�� Ǻ� �Ҹ�ó�Ѱ��Թԡѹ ��

Ref : http://www.hwn.ac.th/news/E-Learning/North%20America/Physical%20NA.htm 11/06/2008

�� (Volcano) �� ҷ��Դ��¡�ûзآͧ�Թ˹״��͹ �ç�ѹ�٧��͡�š �� ҡ��ѡɳ��ҧ˹�觷ҧ��ʵ�� ª�Դ��仵��Ҿ�ͧ��ع�ç㹡�ûз� (�Ҫ�ѳ�Ե�ʶҹ, 2516) ��ɮշ��Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ��Դ�� ɮվ�� (Plume Theory) ��ѹ ��᡹ (Jason Morgan) ��ҡ��Դ��Դ�Դ�ҡ �ش�ٹ��͹ (Hot Spot) ��¡�ա��ҧ˹�� "��" (Plume) �Դ��ö��෾�ѧ�ҹ�ͧ��ŷ��͹㹪�鹢ͧ��͡�š�� (Mantle) ��繪��Թ��͡�š �ѡɳл�ҡ��ó�ѧ��Ƿ��Դ�� Դ ��ҧ��ʹѺʹع��ɮչ�� Դ�� Դ�ҡ��俷��Դ�ҡ��á��Ǣͧ��Թ��͹��дѺ��ӷ�� ¼Ţͧ�ش�ٹ��͹�з��͡�š�駧� ��ҷ��ǹ��Сͺ�ͧ�Թ�Ы�ŵ� ��Ŷ��鹼�ǹ�� Դ��Т�� Сͺ仴�� 5 �١ ��ШѴ��俷��ѧ�վ�ѧ��͡�ҡ��鹡��͹��ҡѹ�ͧ�蹷�ջ��Դ��ش��Ǣͧ�蹷�ջ (Subduction Zone) ˹��蹷�ջ˹�� Դ��ҡ��ó��蹡ѹ ��ҡ��ó�� 繻�ҡ��ó��Դ�ҡ�Թ˹״��Ţ��秵��¹͡��͡�š �� ѡɳ��ǡѺ��Դ�Թ�Ѥ�� ö��ṡ��ҡ��ó�� 2 �� ͠�

�� ҡ��ó�� (Intrusive Activities) �Դ�ҡ�Թ��͡�š�Դ�ç��ѹ�ҡ��鹨֧��á��Ǣ��ѧ��͡�š ��觡��Դ�ͧ�Թ�Ѥ��дѺ�֡�ѧ��֡�� ѡɳ��Ի��Ȣͧ��ҡ��ó��俻��Դ��鹨��ö��繻�ҡ��µ��繷��蹪Ѵ��ͧ�ҡ�Դ��͡�š ��Ҽ�ҹ��Դ��áѴ��мء��͹�ͧ��Ҿ��Ի��Ȩ��ѡɳ��Ի��Ȫ�Դ��

�� ҡ��ó��¹͡ (Extrusive Activities) �Դ�ҡ�Թ��ѹ��á��ҵ��Ǣͧ��͡�š��Թ˹״��ҹ��ա�ҫ��仼��ҡ�� ǹ�˭��繡�ҫ��͹��͡䫴� ��ਹ ��ǹ�ҡ ��Դ�ç��ѡ�ѹ��Դ��Դ��ҧ�ع�ç ��ͼ�ѡ�ѹ��Թ˹״��͡�ҵ��Ǣͧ��͡�š ��ҡ��ó��Դ�ͧ��俨֧��ǡѺ��Тͧ��͡�š��ѧ��蹤� �Ѩ�غѹ�Ҵ�ѹ��ҷ��š�ѧ��俤ء��վ�ѧ��ҳ 850 �١ ��繡��ҡ��¡��дѺ��ع�ç ��駹��Ҩ��դ��ع�ç��ա��͹�ѹ ��俷��Դ��ͻ��ҳ 1-2 ��ҹ�� ѡ�Դ�͡�ʻз��ա ��˵��Ӥѭ�ͧ��Դ�蹴Թ�� ҧ�á��ö��ṡ��ͧ��俨ҡ��ҡ��ó� �� 3 �� ͠��վ�ѧ (Active Volcanoes) ��¶֧ ��俷��ջ��ѵԶ١ �ѹ�֡��ա��Դ�Դ�� Ѵ��ѧ�վ�ѧ�� ͵�� Ыԫ�� ͧ��Ե�� 俷��ʧ� (Dormant Volcanoes) ��¶֧ ��俷��¶١�ѹ�֡��ա��Դ�Դ�� ա�üؾѧ �Ѵ��俷��ʧ��ѹ�Ҩ�Դ��Դ��㴡�� 㹻��Ե�� 俷��Ѻ�� (Extinct Volcanoes) ��¶֧ ��俷��¶١�ѹ�֡��ա��Դ�Դ�� ͹��͹�� 蹴Թ��Դ��㹷�ͧ��蹹�� 俻��Ѵ�繻��俷��Ѻ�� ǧ �ѧ��Ѵ��⢷��

�� ҡ��֡�Ҿ��ҡ�� 75 �ͧ��俺��š �� ҳ 637 �١ �ҡ 850 �١ ��俷��ѧ�վ�ѧ��㹺��ǳ��¡�� "ǧ��ǹ�ͧ�" (Ring of Fire)��ǳ��ҧ�͹��ͧ��ȫ��բ��价ҧ�ͺ��ѹ��ͧ��ջ��ԡ�� ԡ��˹�� ֧�Ѱ��ʡ� ��ѧ��ѹ�͡�ͧ�� ҡ䫺�� ŧ仨��֧��ǫ��Ź�� з��ա�� 20 �� Թⴹ�� 㹭�� ¹ ��ԡҡ�ҧ��ࢵ��俷��ѧ�վ�ѧ�� ѡ��ѡ��ͺ�ͧ�蹷�ջ ��觢ͺࢵ�ͧ �ǧ��ǹ�ͧ俔 ��繺��ǳ�ͺ��ջ��ҧ�蹷�ջừԿԡ (Pacific Plate) �Ѻ�蹷�ջ��ͺ��ط�ừԿԡ ��ǹ��俷��ѧ�վ�ѧ�� ࢵ��¹ ��ͫ��Ź�� ǳ�ͺ�蹷�ջ��ǡѹ